Animal Residue Data Sheet - Captan
Captan is registered in Australia for foliar use on apples, pears, stone fruit, grapes, strawberries and turf, and on peanuts as a seed dressing. Details of the registered use patterns can be found on the approved labels of registered products containing captan as the active constituent. This Animal Residue Data Sheet provides information on the possible residues in feed commodities obtained from crops treated with captan. It also provides information on the anticipated maximum dietary exposure of animals fed treated commodities, which should not result in the violation of animal MRLs.
On this page:
Current MRLs
The Australian MRLs for captan in food and animal feed commodities, as listed in Table 1 and Table 4 of the MRL Standard (as at December 2002) are shown below. The residue definition of captan is the parent compound perse.
| Code | Food | MRL, mg/kg |
|---|---|---|
| Food commodities | ||
| FB0018 | Berries and other small fruits [except grapes, strawberries and blueberries] | T30 |
| FB0020 | Blueberries | 20 |
| DF0269 | Dried grapes | 15 |
| FB0269 | Grapes | 10 |
| FP0009 | Pome fruits | 10 |
| FS0012 | Stone fruits | 15 |
| FB0275 | Strawberry | 10 |
| TN0085 | Tree Nuts | T0.3 |
| Animal commodities | ||
| MO0105 | Edible offal (mammalian) | *0.05 |
| PE 0112 | Eggs | *0.02 |
| MM0095 | Meat [mammalian] | *0.05 |
| ML0106 | Milks | *0.01 |
| PO 0111 | Poultry, edible offal of | *0.02 |
| PM 0110 | Poultry meat | *0.02 |
| Animal feed commodities | ||
| Almond hulls | T60 | |
| AB0226 | Apple pomace, dry | 10 |
| AB0269 | Grape pomace, dry | 10 |
Summary of Maximum Feeding Levels and Livestock Dietary Intakes
The Maximum Feeding Level (MFL, the feeding level at which the MRLs are based), the equivalent Daily Dietary Intake For Livestock (DDIL) and the equivalent daily intake of captan are summarised below.
| Species | MFL, ppm in diet |
Equivalent DDIL, mg/kg bw | Equivalent intake of captan, mg/animal/day |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattlea | 50 | 2 | 1000 |
| Sheepa | 50 | 2 | 125 |
| Piga | 50 | 2 | 125 |
| Poultryb | 166 | 11 | 19 |
| a
Based on a goat metabolism study (~30 kg bw). Feeding studies with
cattle did not address the Australian residue definition of captan. b Based on a 1.7 kg hen |
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Detailed information
All feed commodities
Feed commodities that may contain residues of captan are listed in the table below. The theoretical maximum proportion of the diet that the commodity can compose, when residues are present at the MRL, without the significant risk of animal commodity MRLs being violated is also given. It should be noted that the feeding levels assumed by the NRA when setting animal commodity MRLs are theoretical values, and they should not be taken as recommendations of appropriate rations for livestock. Berries (other than grapes) have been omitted from the table, as they are not considered to be a significant animal food.
| Commoditya | Assumed Maximum proportion of diet (%)b | Feed intake (kg/animal/day)c | STMR/-P (mg/kg) d |
Maximum intake of captan from commodity (mg/animal/day)e | Theoretical maximum proportion of diet (%)f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle (Based on a 500 kg animal consuming 20 kg DM/day) | |||||
| Almond hull | 20 | 4 | 27 (STMR) | 108 | 100 |
| Apple pomace, dry | 20 | 4 | 1.6 (STMR-P) | 6.4 | 100 |
| Grape pomace, dry | 20 | 4 | 3.2 (STMR-P) | 12.8 | 100 |
| Stone fruit | 5 | 1 | 2.9 (STMR) | 2.9 | 100 |
| Sheep (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day) | |||||
| Almond hull | 20 | 0.5 | 27 (STMR) | 13.5 | 100 |
| Apple pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 1.6 (STMR-P) | 0.8 | 100 |
| Grape pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 3.2 (STMR-P) | 1.6 | 100 |
| Stone fruit | 5 | 0.125 | 2.9 (STMR) | 0.36 | 100 |
| Pigs (Based on a 60 kg animal consuming 2.5 kg DM/day) | |||||
| Apple pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 1.6 (STMR-P) | 0.8 | 100 |
| Grape pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 3.2 (STMR-P) | 1.6 | 100 |
| Stone fruit | 5 | 0.125 | 2.9 (STMR) | 0.36 | 100 |
| Poultry (Based on a 2 kg animal consuming 150 g DM/day) | |||||
| Apple pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 1.6 (STMR-P) | 0.048 | 100 |
| Grape pomace, dry | 20 | 0.5 | 3.2 (STMR-P) | 0.10 | 100 |
| Stone fruit | 5 | 0.125 | 2.9 (STMR) | 0.021 | 100 |
| a
The feed commodities that may contain residues of captan, and may
form more than 20% of an animals diet. b The maximum % of the diet that the commodity is assumed to comprise for the purposes of setting MRLs, based on Stockfeed Information Document 1 c The equivalent amount of feed for an animal of designated weight and feed intake that is assumed for the purposes of setting MRLs d The MRL/STMR for each feed commodity (correction for dry weight basis where required) e The maximum intake of captan when the commodity is fed at the maximum assumed level (Column 1) in the absence of other sources of captan. f The maximum % of the diet at which the commodity could theoretically be fed without significant risk of exceeding animal commodity MRLs. It is assumed that the residue in the feed commodity is present at the MRL (or dry weight equivalent) and other dietary sources of captan are absent. |
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Abbreviations and Definitions
DM: Dry matter. The feed consumption for livestock and the residue levels in feed commodities are expressed on a dry matter basis.
DDIL: Daily Dietary Intake for Livestock. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in mg chemical/kg bodyweight.
MFL: Maximum Feeding Level. The level of dietary exposure for a specified chemical in a specified species that should not result in exceedance of the relevant animal commodity MRLs. Expressed in terms of ppm in the feed.
MRL: The concentration of a chemical residue, in units of mg/kg, that is legally permitted in or on a food or food commodity.
ppm in the feed: Parts per million in the feed. An alternate way of expressing the level of dietary exposure for a chemical. The level of chemical intake is calculated as though it were present uniformly in the total feed intake. For example: a cow consumes 10 kg of grain containing 10 mg/kg of Captan and 10 kg of apple pomace containing 5 mg/kg of Captan. The total intake of Captan is 150 mg in 20 kg of feed. This is equivalent to 7.5 ppm in the feed [150÷20].
STMR-P: Supervised Trial Median Residue of the processed commodity. The highest residue that livestock are likely to be exposed to in practice when fed processed commodities over a prolonged period. This is derived from the STMR of the whole commodity multiplied by the processing factor
Attachment 1: Anticipated Maximum Dietary Exposure
The following calculations outline the theoretical diet used to calculate the maximum anticipated dietary exposure, maximum feeding level (MFL) and the daily dietary intake for livestock (DDIL) for cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.
Cattle
| Feed group | Feed commodity | % in the diet | Feed intake, kg/animal/daya | STMR-P, mg/kg | % DMb | Intake of captan, mg/animal/dayc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almond hull | 20 | 4 | 27 | - | 108 | |
| Total | 108 | |||||
| aBased on assumed feed consumption of 20 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs/STMRs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 500 kg |
||||||
Sheep
| Feed group | Feed commodity | % in the diet | Feed intake, kg/animal/day a | STMR-P, mg/kg | %DMb | Intake of captan, mg/animal/dayc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almond hull | 20 | 0.5 | 27 | - | 13.5 | |
| Total | 13.5 | |||||
| aBased on assumed feed consumption of 2.5 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs/STMRs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 60 kg |
||||||
| Maximum anticipated dietary exposure: | 13.5 mg/animal/day |
|---|---|
| Equivalent to: | 0.23 mg/kg bw |
| Equivalent to: | 5.4 ppm in the diet |
| MFL (Based on the available goat metabolism data (Attachment 2)): | 50 ppm in the diet |
| Equivalent DDIL: | 2 mg/kg bw |
Pigs
| Feed group | Feed commodity | % in the diet | Feed intake, kg/animal/daya | STMR-P, mg/kg | % DMb | Intake of captan, mg/animal/dayc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit by-products | Grape pomace | 20 | 0.5 | 3.2 | - | 1.6 |
| Total | 1.6 | |||||
| aBased on assumed feed consumption of 2.5 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs/STMRs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 60 kg |
||||||
| Maximum anticipated dietary exposure:1.6 mg/animal/day | |
|---|---|
| Equivalent to: | 0.027 mg/kg bw |
| Equivalent to: | 0.6 ppm in the diet |
| MFL (Based on the available goat metabolism data (Attachment 2)): | 50 ppm in the diet |
| Equivalent DDIL: | 2 mg/kg bw |
Poultry
| Feed group | Feed commodity | % in the diet | Feed intake, kg/animal/daya | STMR-P, mg/kg | % DMb | Intake of captan, mg/animal/dayc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit by-products | Grape pomace | 20 | 0.03 | 3.2 | - | 0.096 |
| Total | 0.096 | |||||
| aBased on assumed feed consumption of 0.150 kg dry matter/day bEstimate of percentage dry matter. Applied to MRLs/STMRs expressed on a fresh weight basis cBased on assumed bodyweight of 2 kg |
||||||
| Maximum anticipated dietary exposure: | 0.096 mg/animal/day |
|---|---|
| Equivalent to: | 0.048 mg/kg bw |
| Equivalent to: | 0.6 ppm in the diet |
| MFL (Based on the available poultry feeding data (Attachment 2)): | 166 ppm in the diet |
| Equivalent DDIL: | 11 mg/kg bw |
Attachment 2: Residue Data
The residue definition of captan in Australia is the parent compound per se.
Selected residue data for animal feed commodities
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Granny Smith) | WG | 0.12 | 7 6 5 |
7 14 27 |
3.6 3.7 1.0 |
0.07 0.05 <0.05 |
S38990 91-50 | |
| Australia SA, 1996 (Lady Williams) | WG | 0.1 | 17 | 7 | 1.9 | 0.05 | NRA Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Australia NSW, 1996 (Bonza) | WG | 0.1 | 11 | 7 | 2.4 | 0.12 | NRA Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Gala) | SC | 0.06 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.06 <0.05 |
0.10 0.06 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Gala) | SC | 0.12 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.44 0.11 |
0.11 0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Gala) | WP | 0.06 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.15 0.12 |
0.11 <0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Gala) | WP | 0.12 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.68 0.38 |
0.18 0.13 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | SC | 0.06 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.14 0.24 |
0.07 0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | SC | 0.12 | 11 | 1 7 |
1.0 0.19 |
0.38 0.08 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | WP | 0.06 | 11 | 1 7 |
1.7 0.14 |
0.61 <0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | WP | 0.12 | 11 | 1 7 |
2.5 0.13 |
0.55 0.06 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | SC | 0.06 | 10 | 1 7 |
1.0 0.27 |
0.12 0.09 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | SC | 0.12 | 10 | 1 7 |
1.4 0.47 |
0.12 <0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | WP | 0.06 | 10 | 1 7 |
3.1 0.22 |
0.22 0.33 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | WP | 0.12 | 10 | 1 7 |
4.1 0.30 |
0.18 <0.05 |
RJ1419B | |
| Canada, 1991 (Macintosh) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 6 13 20 |
3.2 2.1 2.6 |
0.080.05<0.05 | RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Macintosh) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 6 13 20 |
3.5 3.9 1.7 |
0.09 0.08 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Indared) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 7 14 21 |
2.9 2.9 1.2 |
0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Indared) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 7 14 21 |
2.9 1.1 2.7 |
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Macintosh) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 6 13 |
4.0 4.5 |
0.06 0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Macintosh) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 6 13 21 |
4.1 4.5 4.5 |
0.07 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Red Delicious) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 7 14 21 |
2.8 1.5 0.99 |
0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Canada, 1991 (Red Delicious) | WP | 3.0 | 0.13 | 10 | 7 14 21 |
4.2 3.3 2.8 |
0.06 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1190B |
| Germany, 1996 (Golden Delicious) | WDG | 1.1-1.3 | 0.12 | 15 | 0 7 14 21 |
2.6 1.4 1.6 1.1 |
0.79 - 0.77 - |
R-9077 |
| Germany, 1996 (Gloster) | WDG | 1.2-1.3 | 0.12 | 15 | 0 6 13 20 |
2.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 |
1.1 - 0.63 - |
R-9077 |
| Germany, 1996 (Golden Delicious) | WDG | 1-7-1.8 | 0.12 | 13 | 0 7 14 20 20 |
2.6,
4.3 3.3 1.3, 3.0 2.2 2.0, 2.4 2.7, 3.0, 2.2, 2.4 |
2.3 - 2.7 - - |
R-9077 |
| South Africa, 1992 (Granny Smith) | SC | 0.08 | 2 | 4 8 16 59 |
2.0 2.0 2.0 0.15 |
0.13 0.09 0.11 <0.05 |
RJ1416B | |
| South Africa, 1992 (Starking) | SC | 0.08 | 2 | 0 4 8 16 32 59 |
3.5 2.6 5.3 3.6 0.82 0.17 |
0.07 0.10 0.13 0.11 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1416B | |
| Exaggerated Treatments | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Granny Smith) | WG | 0.25 | 7 6 5 |
7 14 27 |
8.1 7.9 2.0 |
S38990 91-50 | ||
| Brazil, 1992 (Gala) | SC | 0.24 | 11 | 1 7 |
0.55 0.13 |
0.20 0.10 |
RJ1419B | |
| Brazil, 1992 (Fuji) | SC | 0.24 | 11 | 1 7 |
2.1 0.33 |
0.53 0.09 |
RJ1419B | |
Residues of captan in apples at the withholding period in trials similar to the registered GAP were 0.05, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.19, 0.22, 0.24, 0.27, 0.3, 0.38, 0.47, 1.2, 1.4, 1.9, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.6, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, and 5.3 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 1.6 mg/kg and a HR of 5.3 mg/kg. Considering the processing factor of 1 to dry apple pomace, the established Table 4 entry for apple pomace, dry, of 10 mg/kg (1 _ MRL) is appropriate. The STMR-P for apple pomace is (1.6 _ 1) 1.6 mg/kg.
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Packham’s Triumph) | WG | 0.13 | 5 4 3 |
6 14 27 |
2.5 1.9 1.4 |
S38990 91-48 | ||
| Italy, 1997 (Conference) | WG | 2.5-2.7 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
3.2 2.1 0.81 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Conference) | WG | 2.5-2.7 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
3.6 2.6 2.0 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Conference) | WG | 2.5-2.7 | 0.13 | 6 | 0 7 14 |
3.7 2.7 1.2 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Conference) | WP | 2.4-2.6 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
3.5 2.9 1.1 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 1.8-2.0 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
2.9 1.6 1.3 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 1.8-2.0 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
3.1 1.8 2.0 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 1.9-2.0 | 0.13 | 6 | 0 7 14 |
3.3 1.9 1.6 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WP | 1.7-2.0 | 0.13 | 6 | 0 7 14 |
3.3 2.4 1.9 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 1.9-2.0 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
2.0 1.2 0.68 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 1.8-2.1 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
2.1 0.67 0.59 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WG | 2.0-2.1 | 0.13 | 6 | 0 7 14 |
2.7 1.9 1.2 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Italy, 1997 (Abate Fetel) | WP | 1.9-2.0 | 0.13 | 8 | 0 7 14 |
2.5 1.1 0.72 |
ERSA-DA-09.10/97 | |
| Japan, 1988 (Kousui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 5 | 3 7 14 |
0.68 0.50 0.44 c0.09 |
TMN-656A | |
| Japan, 1988 (Kousui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 7 | 3 7 14 |
1.0 0.77 0.62 |
TMN-656A | |
| Japan, 1988 (Kousui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 9 | 3 7 14 |
1.3 0.99 0.69 |
TMN-656A | |
| Japan, 1988 (Housui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 5 | 3 7 14 |
6.8 1.8 2.3 |
TMN-656A | |
| Japan, 1988 (Housui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 7 | 3 7 14 |
5.2 2.6 2.5 |
TMN-656A | |
| Japan, 1988 (Housui) | WP | 6.7 | 0.13 | 9 | 3 7 14 |
6.2 1.8 2.6 |
TMN-656A | |
| USA (WA), 1978 (Anjou) | WP | 6.7 | 0.12 | 2 | 0 1 3 7 14 |
1.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 |
2.3 1.4 0.16 1.3 0.05 |
TMN-654A |
| USA (WA), 1978 (Bosc) | WP | 6.7 | 0.12 | 2 | 0 1 3 7 14 |
1.5 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 |
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
TMN-654A |
| Exaggerated treatments | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Packham’s Triumph) | WG | 0.25 | 5 4 3 |
6 14 27 |
7.1 5.7 1.2 |
S38990 91-48 | ||
| Germany, 1993 (William Christ) | WP | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 3 7 14 20 |
3.8 1.4 1.8 1.3 0.67 |
0.08 0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
RJ1592 |
Residues of captan in pears at the withholding period in trials similar to the registered GAP were 0.5, 0.6, 0.6, 0.67, 0.77, 0.99, 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 1.8, 1.9, 1.9, 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.6, 2.7 and 2.9 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 1.8 mg/kg and a HR of 2.9 mg/kg.
Residues of captan in pome fruit (apple and pear) were 0.05, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.19, 0.22, 0.24, 0.27, 0.3, 0.38, 0.47, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6, 0.67, 0.77, 0.99, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 1.8, 1.9, 1.9, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.4, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9, 3, 3.2, 3.5, 3.6, 4, 4.1, 4.2 and 5.3 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 1.8 mg/kg and a HR of 5.3 mg/kg.
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia Vic, 1995 (Vann) | WG | 0.10 | 6 | 7 | 1.2 | <0.05 | NRA Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Canada, 1982 Sour cherry (Montmorency) | WP | 3.0 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 1 3 5 8 10 14 |
17 15 7.6 4.9 4.8 4.3 2.3 |
Northover et al. 1986 | |
| Germany, 1999 (Edelfinger) | WG | 0.57-0.59 | 0.12 | 3 | 0 3 5 7 14 |
2.6 1.9 0.98 1.1 0.69 |
R11155 | |
| Germany, 1999 (Schatten morelle) | WG | 0.57-0.59 | 0.12 | 3 | 7 15 |
0.82 0.08 |
R11155 | |
| Germany, 1999 (Schatten morelle) | WG | 0.59-0.64 | 0.12 | 3 | 0 3 5 7 14 |
5.2 4.0 3.2 2.9 2.5 |
R11155 | |
| Germany, 1999 (Johanna) | WG | 0.61-0.62 | 0.12 | 3 | 7 14 |
3.7 1.7 |
R11155 | |
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia Vic, 1996 (Friar) | WG | 0.10 | 8 | 7 | 1.2 | <0.05 | Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Australia NSW, 1996 (Mariposa) | WG | 0.10 | 5 | 7 | 0.54 | <0.05 | Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Greece, 1999 (Angelino) | 2.9-3.1 | 0.13 | 4 | 7 14 21 |
0.24 0.23 0.13 |
0.082 0.099 0.070 |
R9029 | |
| Spain, 1999 (Golden Japan) | 3.0 | 0.13 | 4 | 7 10 21 |
1.3 0.85 0.57 |
0.17 0.18 0.20 |
R9029 | |
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Greece, 1999 (Tasty Free) | 2.9-3.0 | 0.13 | 4 | 7 14 21 |
5.6 4.1 1.5 |
0.66 0.51 0.19 |
R9028 | |
| Greece, 1999 (Arm King) | 2.9-3.0 | 0.13 | 4 | 7 14 21 |
3.1 2.3 0.90 |
0.26 0.41 0.22 |
R9028 | |
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Golden Queen) | WG | 0.13 | 5 4 3 |
6 14 27 |
4.7 2.8 1.5 |
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 |
S38990-51 | |
| Australia Vic, 1996 (Golden Queen) | WG | 0.1 | 8 | 7 | 3.0 | 0.06 | Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Australia NSW, 1996 (O’Henry) | WG | 0.1 | 5 | 7 | 2.9 | 0.05 | Eval 1/3/97 Crop Care | |
| Canada, 1981 (Red Haven) | WP | 3.01 | 0.1 | 3 | -0 0 1 3 5 7 10 |
3.0 12 6.5 5.8 6.6 6.1 4.8 |
Northover et al. 1986 | |
| USA (CA), 1978 (Red Haven) | WP | 6.7 | 0.12 | 1 | 0 1 3 7 14 |
7.8 6.8 3.6 4.0 2.0 |
1.0 0.2 0.6 0.14 0.08 |
TMN-648D |
| Exaggerated treatments | ||||||||
| Australia, 1991 (Golden Queen) | WP | 0.25 | 5 4 3 |
6 14 27 |
11 4.8 3.7 |
S38990-51 | ||
| Italy, 1995 (Michelini) | WP | 2.5 + 3_1.3 | 0.25+3_0.13 | 4 | 0 10 20 30 40 |
1.7 1.5 1.0 0.52 0.17 |
ERSA-DA-09/95 | |
Residues of captan in stone fruit at the withholding period in trials similar to the registered GAP were 0.24, 0.54, 0.82, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 1.3, 2.9, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.7, 4, 4.7, 4.9, 5.6 and 6.1 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 2.9 mg/kg and a HR of 6.1 mg/kg.
| Country (location), year (variety) | Application | PHI, days | Residues, mg/kg | JMPR (2000) Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form | kg ai/ha | kg ai/hl | No. | Captan | THPI | |||
| Trials conditions similar to GAP | ||||||||
| Australia, 1994 (Malbec) | WG | 0.10 | 8 | 7 14 21 |
3.6 1.9 1.2 |
0.09 <0.05 <0.05 |
R-11122 | |
| Australia, 1994 (Grenache) | WG | 0.10 | 3 | 0 7 14 21 |
2.0 0.69 1.4 3.4 |
0.09 0.05 0.05 0.1 |
R-11122 | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 2 | 3 7 14 21 |
3.9 1.6 3.5 2.1 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 3 | 3 7 14 21 |
5.7 5.5 3.2 3.7 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 5 | 3 7 14 21 |
4.5 3.6 3.0 3.7 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 2 | 3 7 14 21 |
3.4 1.9 2.8 2.2 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 3 | 3 7 14 21 |
5.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Kyoho) | WP | 3 | 0.1 | 5 | 3 7 14 21 |
4.7 5.3 4.3 3.0 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Delaware) | WP | 2.5 | 0.1 | 2 | 3 7 14 21 |
3.7 2.5 2.0 1.7 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Delaware) | WP | 2.5 | 0.1 | 3 | 3 7 14 21 |
3.4 2.3 2.6 1.7 |
TMN-621A | |
| Japan, 1987 (Delaware) | WP | 2.5 | 0.1 | 5 | 3 7 14 21 |
5.4 4.8 3.4 3.3 |
TMN-621A | |
| Exaggerated treatments | ||||||||
| Australia, 1994 (Malbec) | WG | 0.21 | 8 | 7 14 21 |
8.2 3.5 2.6 |
0.22 0.11 0.10 |
R-11122 | |
| Australia, 1994 (Grenache) | WG | 0.21 | 3 | 0 7 14 21 |
5.9 7.5 4.7 5.0 |
0.11 0.16 0.11 0.08 |
R-11122 | |
| Germany, 1977 (Müller-Thurgau) | WP | 1.4 | 0.35 | 6 | 0 14 28 35 50 |
3.8 4.1 4.1 2.8 2.5 |
BBA 16684 | |
Residues of captan in grapes at the withholding period in trials similar to the registered GAP were 0.69, 1.6, 1.9, 2.3, 2.5, 3.2, 3.6, 3.6, 4.8, 5.3 & 5.5 mg/kg with an STMR of 3.2 mg/kg and a HR of 5.5 mg/kg.
| Location, year (variety) | Application | PHI, | Sample | Residue, mg/kg | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kg ai/ha | No. | days | Captan | THPI | |||
| CA, 1986 (Price) | 5.0 | 4 | 130 | Nut | <0.05,
0.20 c0.06 |
0.09,
<0.05 c<0.05 |
056131-B |
| Hull | 40, 27 | 0.33, 0.23 | |||||
| Shell | 3.0, 0.77 | 0.31 <0.05 | |||||
| CA, 1986 | 5.0 | 5 | 30 | Nut | 0.10, 0.09 | 0.05 <0.05 | 056131-B |
| Hull | 48, 13 | 0.21, 0.05 | |||||
| Shell | 1.2, 3.8 | <0.05 0.43 | |||||
| CA, 1986 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 4 | 102 | Nut | <0.05 (2) | <0.05 (2) | 056131-B |
| Hull | 25, 16 | 0.30, 0.54 | |||||
| Shell | 1.6, 1.1 | 0.16, 0.05 | |||||
| CA, 1986 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 5 | 30 | Nut | <0.05 (2) | <0.05 (2) | 056131-B |
| Hull | 13, 13 | 0.36, 0.25 | |||||
| Shell | 1.3, 2.2 | 0.14, 0.23 | |||||
| CA, 1986 (Mission) | 5.0 | 4 | 124 | Nut | <0.05 (2) | <0.05 (2) | 056131-B |
| Hull | 20,
16 c0.63 |
0.28,
0.35 c<0.05 |
|||||
| Shell | 0.42, 0.54 | <0.05 (2) | |||||
| CA, 1986 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 5 | 30 | Nut | <0.05 (2) | 0.15, 0.11 | 056131-B |
| Hull | 40, 54 | 2.07, 1.31 | |||||
| Shell | 1.1, 0.81 | 0.49, 0.27 | |||||
| CA, 1987 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 4Q | 142 | Nut | <0.05 | <0.05 | 40189802 |
| Shell | 0.15, 0.14, 0.09 | <0.05 (3) | |||||
| Hull | 3.8,
3.6, 4.5 c0.11 |
0.08,
0.11, 0.17 c0.07 |
|||||
| CA, 1987 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 41 | Nut | <0.05 | <0.05 | 40189802 | |
| Shell | 0.17, 0.16, 0.07 | <0.05 (3) | |||||
| Hull | 6.7,
4.5, 5.3 c0.11 |
0.15,
0.13, 0.17 c0.07 |
|||||
| CA, 1987 (Non-Pareil) | 5.0 | 42 | Nut | <0.05 | <0.05 | 40189802 | |
| Shell | 0.19, 0.18, 0.07 | <0.05 (3) | |||||
| Hull | 6.7,
7.7, 6.8 c0.11 |
0.28,
0.21, 0.22 c0.07 |
|||||
| CA, 1980 (Non-Pareil) | 4.5 | 2 | 195 | Kernel | <0.03 | <0.01 | TMN-562A |
| Hulls | 0.05 | <0.01 | |||||
| Shells | <0.03 | <0.01 | |||||
| CA, 1982 (Mission) | 4.5 | 8 | 160 | Kernel | 0.01,
<0.01 c0.02 |
<0.01,
<0.01 c<0.01 |
TMN-562A |
| Hulls | 5.6,
8.4 c0.13 |
0.10,
0.17 c0.01 |
|||||
| Shells | 0.13,
0.44 c0.01 |
0.02,
0.03 c<0.01 |
|||||
| CA, 1985 (Non-Pareil) | 5.6 | 4 | 128 | Kernel | 0.04, 0.03 | <0.01, <0.01 | TMN-562A |
| Hulls | 6.4, 4.3 | 0.05, 0.08 | |||||
| Shells | 0.09,
0.06 c0.01 |
<0.01
(2) c<0.01 |
|||||
| CA, 1985 (Non-Pareil) | 5.6 | 4 Q | 152 | Kernel | <0.01 (2) | <0.01 (2) | TMN-562A |
| Hulls | 0.28, 0.19 | <0.01 (2) | |||||
| Shells | 0.01 (2) | <0.01 (2) | |||||
Q aerial application, 1 concentrated spray, 2 dilute spray
Residues of captan in almond hulls at the withholding period in trials similar to the Australian GAP were 13, 13, 13, 40, 48 and 54 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 27 mg/kg and a HR of 54 mg/kg. Residues of captan in almond shells at the withholding period in trials similar to the Australian GAP were 0.81, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2 and 3.8 mg/kg, giving an STMR of 1.3 mg/kg and a HR of 3.8 mg/kg.
Processing data
Relevant processing data presented in the 2000 JMPR evaluation are summarised below.
| Commodity | Product | Processing factor |
|---|---|---|
| Apples | Apple pomace (dry) | 1.0 (mean, range 0.23 — 1.9) |
| Grapes | Grape pomace (wet — cold pressed) | 0.7, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.5 |
| Grape pomace (dry) | 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.4 | |
| Dried grapes | 1.5 (mean, range 1 — 2.6) |
Selected animal transfer data
JMPR evaluations have concluded that, when captan is fed to animals, it is rapidly converted to THPI (1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide) in the gut. Metabolism and feeding studies at exaggerated dose rates indicated that captan is not found in blood or milk in measurable concentrations, nor is it stored in eggs, poultry flesh or pig tissue. Owing to the low level of THPI residues in plant commodities the residue definitions established in Australia and by Codex do not include any metabolites of captan.
In 1969 the JMPR reported that the half life of captan in human blood at an initial concentration of 100 g/mL was 0.9 min, and at 1 g/mL was 0.2 min. In rabbits, the half life in blood at an initial concentration of 1 g/mL was 0.3 min. Rabbits were administered captan at 500 mg/kg bw by intragastric intubation. Blood was drawn directly from the heart at intervals up to 56 hours after administration. Captan was not observed at any sampling time (LOQ 0.025 g/mL). THPI was observed, peaking at a concentration of ~25 g/mL and exhibiting a half life of about 6 hours. Feeding studies were cited that demonstrated that captan was not stored in eggs or the flesh of poultry, nor in the tissues of pigs. However further information about those feeding studies was not available.
In 1977 the JMPR reviewed a feeding study where captan was fed to a lactating cow for 4 days at the equivalent of 5 ppm in the feed. Milk and urine were analysed throughout the feeding and for 6 days after withdrawal. Captan was not detected in any sample (LOQ 0.01 mg/kg milk, 0.1 mg/kg urine).
Lactating goats — milk and tissues (2000 JMPR)
Residues were measured in the tissues, milk and excreta of a lactating pigmy goat (30 kg) dosed orally by capsule three times daily for 4 days with [carbonyl-14C]captan (Cheng, 1980), as a study of captan metabolism. The daily dose was 1.4 mg/kg bw/day (equivalent to 50 ppm captan in the diet). The last dose (10th) was given after the morning milking on the 4th day and the goat slaughtered four hours later.
Identity and distribution of metabolites in milk and tissues from a goat dosed with [carbonyl-14C]captan equivalent to 50 ppm in the diet for 3 days (Cheng, 1980).
| Milk | Liver | Kidney | Muscle (fq) | Muscle (hq) | Fat (peri) | Fat(subc) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRR (mg/kg as captan) | 0.13-0.63 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
| % of TRR | |||||||
| Captan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| THPI | 2.3-9.9 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 33 | 6.8 |
| THPI epoxide | 2.4-9.1 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 3.3 |
| 3-OH THPI | 27-33 | 10 | 17 | 36 | 44 | 16 | 28 |
| 5-OH THPI | 16-26 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 8.4 | 4.6 | 10 |
| 4,5-diOH HHPI | 4.7-8.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 8.6 |
fq = forequarter; hq = hindquarter; peri = peritoneal; subc = subcutaneous
Lactating cows — milk and tissues (2000 JMPR)
Groups of 4 lactating Holstein dairy cattle (487-737 kg bw) were dosed with captan at levels nominally equivalent to 0, 10, 30 and 100 ppm in the diet for 29 days. Milk was collected from each of the cows before dosing and on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 of dosing. Three cows from each group were slaughtered on day 29, three hours after receiving the final dose. The remaining cow from each group was placed on a captan-free diet, milked at intervals, and slaughtered 7 days after receiving the last dose. Samples of muscle, liver, kidney, fat and milk were analysed for five captan metabolites: THPI, trans-3-OH THPI, trans-5-OH THPI, cis-3-OH THPI and cis-5-OH THPI. Captan was not quantified.
Neither of the cis isomers was detected in the milk or tissue samples. Residues of THPI and the trans isomers reached a plateau in milk by 1-4 days of dosing. Residue levels of the individual isomers were >400 times less than the corresponding captan feeding levels. No residues of the metabolites were detectable in milk by three days after the cessation of dosing or in tissues seven days after administration of the last dose.
Mean residues of captan metabolites in milk of dairy cows dosed with captan at levels nominally equivalent to 10, 30 and 100 ppm in the diet for 29 days.
| Day | Residue, mg/kg | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10ppm feed level | 30 ppm feed level | 100 ppm feed level | |||||||
| THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | |
| 1 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.06 |
| 4 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.04 |
| 7 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.04 |
| 10 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.03 |
| 14 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.03 |
| 21 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 |
| 28 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.04 |
| 30 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.10 | <0.01 |
| 32 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 35 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Maximum residues of captan metabolites in tissues of dairy cows dosed with captan at levels nominally equivalent to 10, 30 and 100 ppm in the diet for 29 days.
| Sample | Residue, mg/kg | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 ppm feed level | 30 ppm feed level | 100 ppm feed level | |||||||
| THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | THPI | trans-3-OH THPI | trans-5-OH THPI | |
| Muscle | 0.02 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.06 |
| Liver | 0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.49 | 0.13 | <0.01 |
| Kidney | 0.02 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.10 |
| Fat | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.05 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | <0.01 |
Laying hens (Graham DS (1986) CAPTAN — Magnitude of the residues: Poultry and Eggs. Stauffer Chemical Company RRC 86-63. Submitted to the NRA July 1995).
Groups of 20 white leghorn laying hens (av 1.76 kg) were orally dosed for 28 days with captan (gelatin capsule) at levels equivalent to 0, 1.7, 17, 57, 166 ppm (0, 1.5, 15, 45 & 150 ppm nominal; 0, 0.10, 1.1, 3.3 & 11 mg/kg bw) in the diet. After 28 days dosing was discontinued and 10 hens from each treatment were sacrificed, the remaining hens being sacrificed 3 or 7 days after withdrawal. Eggs and samples of liver, kidney, muscle, fat, heart, skin and gizzard were collected and analysed for captan (LOQ 0.02 mg/kg) and the metabolites THPI, 3-OH THPI and 5-OH THPI.
Captan was not detected in any sample. Captan spikes were quantitatively converted to THPI during sample preparation and captan was not detected in any fortified sample. Metabolite concentrations in eggs and tissues are summarised below.
Maximum residues of captan metabolites in eggs of hens dosed with captan at levels nominally equivalent to 1.5, 15, 45 and 150 ppm in the diet for 28 days. The isomers of 5-OH THPI were quantified separately.
| 1.5 ppm | 15 ppm | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |||
| Days | A | B | A | B | ||||
| -1 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 1 | 0.03 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.2 | <0.03 | 0.02 | <0.03 |
| 4 | 0.04 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.27 | <0.03 | <0.02 | 0.03 |
| 7 | 0.04 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 10 | 0.04 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 0.03 | <0.03 |
| 14 | 0.04 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.03 | <0.03 |
| 21 | 0.05 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 28 | 0.06 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 45 ppm | 150 ppm | |||||||
| THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |||
| Days | A | B | A | B | ||||
| -1 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 1 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.4 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 4 | 0.9 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 2.9 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 7 | 1.2 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 2.9 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.18 |
| 10 | 1.1 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 2.8 | 0.45 | 0.21 | 0.20 |
| 14 | 1.1 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| 21 | 1.2 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 3.4 | 0.65 | 0.34 | 0.28 |
| 28 | 1.2 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 3.2 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 0.16 |
| 32 (3) | 0.08 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.02 | <0.03 |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
Maximum residues of captan metabolites in tissues of laying hens dosed with captan at levels nominally equivalent to 1.5, 15, 45 and 150 ppm in the diet for 28 days. The isomers of 5-OH THPI were quantified separately.
| Matrix | Days | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | ||||
| 1.5ppm | |||||
| Muscle | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Liver | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Kidney | 28 | 0.03 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Heart | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Gizzard | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Fat | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Skin | 28 | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Matrix | Days | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | ||||
| 15 ppm | |||||
| Muscle | 28 | 0.09 | <0.03 | 0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Liver | 28 | 0.11 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Kidney | 28 | 0.13 | 0.3 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Heart | 28 | 0.13 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Gizzard | 28 | 0.08 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Fat | 28 | 0.04 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Skin | 28 | 0.08 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Matrix | Days | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | ||||
| 45 ppm | |||||
| Muscle | 28 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.04 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Liver | 28 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Kidney | 28 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 0.03 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Heart | 28 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.03 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Gizzard | 28 | 0.19 | 0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Fat | 28 | 0.1 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Skin | 28 | 0.21 | 0.4 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Matrix | Days | THPI | 3-OH THPI | 5-OH THPI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | ||||
| 150 ppm | |||||
| Muscle | 28 | 1.1 | 0.29 | 0.08 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Liver | 28 | 1.1 | 0.19 | 0.08 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Kidney | 28 | 1.4 | 0.22 | 0.09 | <0.03 |
| 32 (3) | 0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Heart | 28 | 0.84 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| 32 (3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Gizzard | 28 | 0.97 | 0.12 | 0.03 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Fat | 28 | 0.36 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 |
| 32(3) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35(7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| Skin | 28 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| 32(3) | 0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |
| 35 (7) | <0.02 | <0.03 | <0.02 | <0.03 | |